Raven Cosplay, a fascinating interpretation of the long-lasting DC character, transcends mere imitation. This exploration delves into the intricate world of Raven’s portrayal, from the historic evolution of her cosplay to the sensible issues of crafting genuine or distinctive representations. We’ll analyze numerous design components, neighborhood dynamics, and media influences, finally providing a complete information for aspiring and seasoned cosplayers.
Unveiling the multifaceted nature of Raven Cosplay, we’ll discover the core ideas behind profitable interpretations. From understanding the symbolism and imagery related to Raven to mastering the craft of fabric choice and prop creation, this information gives a complete framework for anybody searching for to convey the character to life. This deep dive examines the technicalities of crafting, the neighborhood spirit behind it, and the varied inspirations that drive the creation of compelling Raven cosplays.
Overview of Raven Cosplay
Raven, the enigmatic anti-heroine from DC Comics, has captivated audiences together with her complicated character and hanging aesthetic. Her raven-like look, sharp wit, and rebellious nature make her a well-liked topic for cosplay. This exploration delves into the multifaceted world of Raven cosplay, analyzing its evolution, interpretations, and numerous shows.Raven cosplay, at its core, includes recreating the look and sometimes the persona of the character.
This encompasses extra than simply mimicking her look; it includes decoding the emotional depth and inner conflicts that outline Raven. The artistic course of is deeply rooted within the character’s evolving portrayal throughout numerous mediums, from comedian books to animated sequence and movies.
Historic Context and Evolution
Raven’s cosplay, reflecting the character’s growth, has mirrored the evolution of cosplay tradition itself. Early depictions typically centered on recreating the character’s iconic outfit from the comedian books, that includes her darkish apparel and signature equipment. Because the character gained extra publicity in animated sequence and movies, cosplay interpretations broadened to include components from these completely different diversifications. Moreover, the rising accessibility of supplies and strategies influenced the standard and class of Raven cosplay creations.
This evolution has been a dynamic interaction between the character’s portrayal and the evolving developments inside the cosplay neighborhood.
Interpretations and Displays of Raven Cosplay
Raven’s multifaceted nature permits for numerous interpretations in cosplay. Some cosplayers select to deal with her rebellious and brooding points, emphasizing her darker, extra melancholic aspect. Others painting a extra empowered and assertive Raven, highlighting her power and willpower. A notable side is the inclusion of non-public types, akin to incorporating components of Gothic, Victorian, and even futuristic aesthetics to additional improve the character’s distinctive identification.
Widespread Raven Cosplay Types
Quite a few variations exist inside Raven cosplay, every showcasing distinctive interpretations of the character. A standard fashion includes recreating her traditional look from the comics, typically incorporating black leather-based, darkish materials, and delicate accents of crimson or purple. One other in style fashion incorporates components of Gothic style, using flowing black clothes and ornate equipment to emphasise her enigmatic aura. A extra fashionable take may incorporate futuristic components, with glossy, metallic accents and elaborate armor, reflecting a extra technologically superior model of the character.
These completely different types show the adaptability and inventive freedom inside the Raven cosplay neighborhood.
Examples of Variations and Interpretations
Raven’s numerous persona permits for a large number of interpretations. Cosplayers typically showcase her in numerous emotional states, from stoic and brooding to fiercely decided and empowered. A notable instance contains the incorporation of delicate facial expressions and physique language to painting her inside turmoil and battle. One other instance is the creation of elaborate costumes that precisely replicate the precise Raven illustration from completely different mediums.
Raven cosplay, a well-liked selection for followers, typically delves into the nuanced points of character design. Understanding the underlying ideas of Darkish Or Gentle Dti, like this , can considerably improve the depth of a Raven cosplay. This understanding interprets instantly right into a extra impactful and interesting presentation for any fan.
As an example, a Raven cosplay from the animated sequence may differ considerably from one impressed by a selected comedian ebook arc.
Raven Cosplay Supplies and Strategies
Bringing the long-lasting Raven character to life in cosplay requires cautious consideration of supplies and strategies. Success hinges on precisely capturing her distinctive fashion, whether or not aiming for a sensible portrayal or a stylized interpretation. The proper selections improve the general affect and immersion of the cosplay expertise. Understanding the nuances of assorted supplies and crafting strategies is essential for reaching a compelling and genuine illustration.The effectiveness of a Raven cosplay relies upon considerably on the meticulous choice and software of supplies.
Raven Cosplay, a well-liked selection for fans, typically includes intricate particulars. Contemplating the latest surge in recognition of Huge Sean Braids, it is clear that particular hair types are influencing cosplay developments, as seen within the intricate particulars of Big Sean Braids. This implies a robust connection between present style and inventive expression inside Raven Cosplay.
From materials to specialised instruments, each ingredient contributes to the ultimate consequence. Mastering crafting strategies, akin to stitching, sculpting, and portray, allows cosplayers to supply detailed and correct components. Finally, this data empowers cosplayers to create a compelling and immersive portrayal.
Frequent Cosplay Supplies for Raven
Cautious materials choice is key to a profitable Raven cosplay. Supplies ought to replicate the character’s aesthetic, whether or not sensible or stylized. Frequent selections embrace numerous kinds of materials, leather-based, and plastics. Cloth choice should think about drape, texture, and colour to duplicate Raven’s look successfully.
Crafting Strategies for Raven Cosplay
A number of crafting strategies are important for creating intricate Raven cosplay components. Stitching, typically used for creating clothes, permits for exact particulars. Sculpting strategies, like utilizing clay or resin, allow the creation of three-dimensional components, like equipment or weaponry. Portray provides visible depth and texture, enhancing the realism or distinctive fashion of the cosplay.
Specialised Supplies, Instruments, and Tools
Sure specialised supplies, instruments, and gear improve the cosplay course of. Excessive-quality materials with particular textures or properties can mimic Raven’s apparel precisely. Instruments like specialised stitching needles or sculpting instruments contribute to precision and effectivity. Think about the usage of specialised paints or dyes for correct colour copy.
Creating Correct or Distinctive Raven Cosplay Parts
Creating components that replicate Raven’s character is important. For instance, precisely recreating her signature clothes, together with particular patterns or textures, contributes to the cosplay’s authenticity. Sculpting detailed equipment, like her signature necklace, provides a personalized effect. Alternatively, cosplayers can discover distinctive interpretations, incorporating personalised components that replicate their imaginative and prescient of the character.
Comparability of Cosplay Supplies
Materials | Professionals | Cons |
---|---|---|
Polyester | Sturdy, reasonably priced, available, straightforward to stitch | Can lack the drape and really feel of pure materials |
Cotton | Comfortable, breathable, pure drape, good for detailed stitching | Can wrinkle simply, probably dearer |
Leather-based | Sturdy, robust, provides a contact of realism, may be molded | Might be costly, difficult to work with, could require specialised instruments |
Resin | Sturdy, light-weight, moldable, permits for intricate particulars | Might be costly, requires specialised instruments and strategies for molding and ending |
Raven Cosplay Design and Aesthetics
Raven cosplay, a well-liked selection amongst followers, gives a wealthy canvas for artistic expression. Understanding the design components and aesthetics related to the character is essential to crafting a compelling and genuine illustration. This includes exploring the symbolism and imagery embedded inside the character, and translating these components into distinct cosplay interpretations. Finally, the aim is to successfully talk Raven’s multifaceted persona and traits via the design selections.A profitable Raven cosplay transcends mere imitation; it turns into a nuanced portrayal that resonates with the character’s depth and complexity.
This exploration dives into the numerous design approaches and aesthetics, providing insights into methods to successfully signify Raven in a novel and compelling method.
Completely different Design Parts and Aesthetics
Understanding the varied aesthetic selections out there for Raven cosplay permits cosplayers to attach with the character on a deeper stage. From the traditional darkish and brooding imagery to extra playful interpretations, the choices are plentiful. Key design components embrace colour palettes, clothes types, equipment, and general visible presentation. These components, when fastidiously thought-about, can elevate a cosplay from merely resembling Raven to actually embodying her essence.
Symbolism and Imagery in Raven Cosplay
Raven, together with her distinctive historical past and character traits, is laden with symbolic which means. Her darkish aesthetic, typically related to thriller and intrigue, may be interpreted in numerous methods via cosplay. The imagery linked to Raven, whether or not it is her raven-inspired options or the symbolism embedded in her apparel, gives a framework for creating a robust and evocative illustration.
Representing Raven’s Character and Traits
Raven’s persona is multifaceted, starting from mental curiosity to a fierce independence. Cosplayers can successfully seize these points via delicate but highly effective design selections. Emphasizing Raven’s intelligence via the equipment or her apparel, or highlighting her rebellious spirit via clothes types, could make a cosplay actually stand out. Consideration to element is essential in successfully speaking these traits via the costume.
Aesthetic Variations in Raven Cosplay
Theme | Description | Visible Examples |
---|---|---|
Darkish Academia | A classy and scholarly aesthetic, characterised by muted tones, flowing materials, and complicated particulars. Raven’s intelligence and mental nature are emphasised. | Raven in a darkish, flowing robe, paired with delicate silver jewellery and a well-worn leather-bound ebook. Her hair styled in intricate braids or a scholarly bun. |
Gothic | A dramatic and mysterious aesthetic, emphasizing Raven’s darker aspect and rebellious spirit. Options embrace black clothes, intricate lace, and dramatic equipment. | Raven in a black corset with intricate lace overlay, paired with a protracted, flowing black cloak. Equipment like ornate chains, rings, and skull-shaped jewellery add to the gothic really feel. Make-up is accentuated to spotlight sharp options and dramatic shadows. |
Cyberpunk | A futuristic and technological aesthetic, representing Raven’s superior mind and futuristic components. Options embrace metallic accents, technological equipment, and a streamlined design. | Raven with cybernetic enhancements, akin to glowing tattoos, metallic armor items, and attention-grabbing goggles. The costume options futuristic materials and colour palettes, emphasizing expertise and innovation. |
Steampunk | A Victorian-era aesthetic infused with expertise and mechanics, reflecting Raven’s mind and distinctive character. Options embrace intricate gears, metallic accents, and detailed clothes. | Raven in a Victorian-inspired outfit with gears and cogs integrated into the design, alongside different mechanical components. Her apparel options intricate lace overlays and detailed metallic accents, showcasing each historic and futuristic components. |
Idea for a Distinctive Raven Cosplay
A singular Raven cosplay may draw inspiration from the “Shadow Weaver” theme. This cosplay would emphasize Raven’s enigmatic nature and her connection to shadows. The costume would incorporate darkish, muted tones, with flowing, barely tattered materials. Equipment like intricate shadow-like patterns and delicate glowing components would additional improve the “Shadow Weaver” aesthetic. Make-up would deal with making a mysterious and ethereal look.
Raven Cosplay Group and Tradition
The Raven cosplay neighborhood thrives on-line and offline, fostering a vibrant ecosystem of creativity, collaboration, and shared ardour. This intricate community of cosplayers connects via shared experiences and a dedication to bringing the character to life. From meticulously crafted costumes to fascinating performances, the Raven cosplay neighborhood demonstrates a robust sense of belonging and mutual help.This neighborhood’s affect extends past the realm of cosplay, impacting in style tradition via its distinctive contributions.
The Raven cosplay neighborhood showcases the varied interpretations and views of this character, contributing to a wealthy tapestry of creative expression.
On-line Communities and Platforms
The digital sphere performs an important function in connecting Raven cosplayers. Devoted boards, social media teams, and on-line marketplaces present areas for sharing inspiration, searching for recommendation, showcasing creations, and discovering collaborators. These platforms permit cosplayers to attach with fellow fans, no matter geographic location, fostering a way of worldwide neighborhood. Particular social media platforms like Instagram and Fb are in style venues for showcasing high-quality cosplay photos and movies, facilitating a continuing trade of concepts and suggestions.
Offline Occasions and Conventions
Past the digital realm, conventions and devoted cosplay occasions provide alternatives for in-person interplay. Cosplayers collect to show their creations, take part in competitions, and interact in full of life discussions. These occasions present a platform for cosplayers to attach with each other in a tangible method, creating recollections and constructing relationships that reach past the confines of a display screen. The sense of camaraderie and mutual respect fosters a welcoming ambiance for each seasoned cosplayers and newcomers.
Influence on Widespread Tradition
Raven cosplay considerably impacts in style tradition by introducing numerous interpretations of the character. The various types and approaches replicate a large number of artistic views, showcasing the character’s enduring attraction. This numerous vary of interpretations enriches the character’s picture and contributes to the character’s ongoing evolution in in style tradition. The cosplay neighborhood acts as a catalyst for innovation, inspiring artists and designers to discover new methods to signify the character in numerous mediums.
Tendencies and Interactions inside the Group
The Raven cosplay neighborhood embraces a dynamic and evolving panorama of developments. Excessive-quality craftsmanship, meticulous consideration to element, and revolutionary interpretations of the character are extremely valued. A powerful sense of neighborhood and mutual help drives interactions, with cosplayers typically providing constructive criticism and encouragement to 1 one other. This help system is important for fostering a artistic and inclusive setting.
Frequent Platforms for Connection
Devoted cosplay web sites and boards function central hubs for connecting cosplayers. Particular social media platforms like Instagram and Fb teams devoted to cosplay present avenues for sharing and discussing creations. On-line marketplaces and boards provide a venue for cosplayers to hunt inspiration, uncover sources, and join with others who share their ardour. These platforms are integral to the neighborhood’s operate and progress.
Significance of Group Help
Group help performs a significant function within the success and success of Raven cosplayers. Encouragement, constructive suggestions, and shared sources contribute considerably to the standard and creativity of cosplay initiatives. The collaborative spirit fosters a optimistic and supportive setting, driving steady enchancment and innovation inside the cosplay neighborhood. Cosplayers typically depend on this help community for inspiration, steering, and the chance to showcase their expertise.
Raven Cosplay in Completely different Media
Raven’s portrayal has developed considerably throughout numerous media, influencing the methods cosplayers interpret and embody her. This evolution showcases the dynamic nature of character illustration and the artistic adaptation of supply materials by cosplayers. Understanding these variations permits for a richer appreciation of Raven’s multifaceted picture and the varied interpretations she evokes.Completely different media platforms, from comics to tv, provide distinctive views on Raven’s character.
Raven Cosplay, a fascinating area of interest, typically evokes deep emotional responses. The highly effective tales behind these characters resonate deeply, mirroring the uncooked human feelings explored in highly effective items like Vows That Will Make You Cry. These emotional connections are a big issue within the cosplay neighborhood’s vibrant and passionate engagement with the craft.
Cosplayers, in flip, draw inspiration from these interpretations, crafting cosplay that displays the precise nuances of every medium’s depiction. The ensuing variations in cosplay spotlight the flexibleness and creativity inherent within the artwork kind.
Comedian Ebook Representations of Raven
Early depictions of Raven in comedian books established her as a brooding, enigmatic determine, typically clad in darkish apparel. This preliminary aesthetic closely influenced early cosplay, showcasing a desire for somber colours and complicated designs impressed by the comedian’s visible language. Many cosplayers emphasize Raven’s aloof and introspective persona of their costumes.
Raven in Teen Titans Animated Collection
The Teen Titans animated sequence considerably impacted how Raven was perceived. The present offered a extra accessible, although nonetheless mysterious, model of the character. This typically interprets to cosplay that balances her darkish aesthetic with a younger vitality, generally incorporating components of the present’s distinctive artwork fashion.
Raven in Teen Titans Go!
The comedic portrayal of Raven within the Teen Titans Go! sequence presents a stark distinction to her earlier iterations. Cosplayers typically seize this comedic take by together with exaggerated options or playful components, demonstrating the adaptability of the cosplay neighborhood to completely different interpretations of the character.
Raven in Different Media
Raven’s presence in different media, together with books and video video games, typically introduces distinctive design components and persona traits. Cosplayers reply by drawing inspiration from these variations, leading to a wide selection of interpretations that showcase the flexibility of Raven’s picture.
Raven Cosplay Equipment and Props
Raven cosplay, with its intricate designs and thematic components, depends closely on the correct equipment and props to actually convey the character to life. These components transcend easy elaborations; they’re very important in conveying the character’s persona, historical past, and connection to the supply materials. Mastering the artwork of making compelling equipment and props is essential to reaching a really immersive and spectacular cosplay.The selection and execution of equipment and props considerably elevate a cosplay from primary illustration to a robust assertion.
They serve to amplify the general visible affect, offering a deeper understanding of the character for the viewers and a better sense of embodiment for the cosplayer. Efficient props and equipment inform a narrative, revealing points of the character’s background and function inside the narrative. Additionally they assist in distinguishing one cosplayer from one other, including a novel contact to an already in style character.
Frequent Equipment and Props
Important equipment and props for a convincing Raven cosplay embrace gadgets that instantly replicate her character and design. The visible consistency between the cosplay and these components is essential. For instance, the intricately designed wings, a symbolic employees, and numerous gadgets representing her expertise and historical past contribute to the character’s visible identification.
Raven’s Wings
Raven’s iconic wings are an important part of her aesthetic. They’re typically crafted from light-weight but sturdy supplies, akin to foam, cloth, and even intricate paper mache constructions. The design ought to precisely replicate the detailed portrayal of the wings within the supply materials, paying shut consideration to the feathers’ construction and colour variations. Including LED lights to the wings enhances their dramatic impact, notably in low-light environments, making them a focus.
Including texture to the wings, utilizing supplies like feathers or fake feathers, will make the cosplay extra detailed.
Raven’s Employees
Raven’s employees is an integral a part of her character, representing her magical talents and powers. The employees may be constructed from wooden, metallic, and even resin, relying on the cosplayer’s funds and talent stage. Ornamental components, akin to intricate carvings, glowing runes, or hooked up gems, add depth and visible curiosity. Think about using lights and reflective supplies so as to add a magical contact.
The employees’s dimension and weight are vital to contemplate for consolation throughout cosplay occasions.
Different Equipment
A whole Raven cosplay typically contains equipment that mirror her apparel and persona. This may embrace intricate jewellery, armbands, and even equipment that signify her explicit talents, akin to magical instruments or vials. These particulars are key to distinguishing the cosplayer from different interpretations of the character.
Creating Distinctive Equipment and Props
Crafting distinctive and elaborate equipment and props may be an vital side of a Raven cosplay. This might contain detailed hand-painting, intricate sculpting, or the usage of specialised supplies. Discovering inspiration from the supply materials and experimenting with completely different strategies can result in actually distinctive creations.
Significance of Equipment and Props, Raven Cosplay
Component | Equipment/Props | Rationale |
---|---|---|
Raven’s wings | Light-weight, detailed wings with doable LED lights; use of supplies like feathers or fake feathers. | Offers a visually hanging illustration of the character, enhances the sense of energy and flight. |
Raven’s employees | Intricately carved wood employees with embedded runes or gems; presumably incorporate lights or reflective supplies. | Symbolizes Raven’s magical talents and powers; provides depth and visible curiosity to the general cosplay. |
Raven Cosplay Inspiration and References
Drawing inspiration is essential for creating compelling and distinctive Raven cosplays. Understanding the varied visible references which have formed the character’s picture throughout numerous media is important for any aspiring cosplayer. This exploration dives deep into the sources that encourage Raven’s distinctive look, permitting cosplayers to tailor their very own interpretations.
Key Visible References
Raven’s design, from her distinctive apparel to her persona, has been visually interpreted in quite a few methods. Figuring out key visible references gives a robust basis for creating a novel cosplay fashion. Analyzing these references permits cosplayers to know the core components that outline Raven and the way they are often tailored and customised.
- Comedian Books: Early interpretations of Raven in comedian books typically characteristic darker colour palettes and extra stylized designs. These early visible representations set up the foundational components of Raven’s look. Paying shut consideration to those early appearances helps perceive the evolution of her character design.
- Animated Collection: The animated sequence typically gives a distinct tackle Raven’s look, showcasing dynamic poses and expressions. Observing these animated representations can encourage revolutionary and expressive cosplay designs. The dynamism of the animation typically gives a definite perspective on Raven’s character.
- Films and Video Video games: Films and video video games current Raven with distinctive visible representations, which generally emphasize completely different points of her character. These interpretations can encourage cosplayers to create cosplays that concentrate on a particular side of her character, whether or not it is her highly effective demeanor or her introspective nature.
Distinctive Cosplay Types
Past replicating current designs, exploring distinctive interpretations of Raven can create distinctive and memorable cosplays. This includes adapting current references or mixing components from completely different sources to develop a contemporary, personalised tackle the character.
- Emphasizing Raven’s Power: Specializing in poses and apparel that convey energy and willpower can create a dynamic and impactful cosplay. This may contain selecting particular clothes or equipment that spotlight Raven’s bodily prowess. The emphasis ought to be on expressing Raven’s inside power via the cosplay.
- Highlighting Raven’s Mysticism: Cosplayers can use delicate particulars and equipment to emphasise Raven’s mystical aspect. This might contain incorporating components of nature or mystical symbols into the design. The cosplay ought to convey Raven’s deep connection to the supernatural via design selections.
- Making a Private Interpretation: Utilizing a mix of assorted references to create a novel tackle Raven’s look permits cosplayers to showcase their creativity. This strategy permits for particular person expression and a deeper understanding of the character.
Utilizing Visible Inspiration Successfully
Utilizing visible inspiration successfully for cosplay creation includes cautious commentary and adaptation. It isn’t about merely copying however about understanding the core components and translating them into a personalised design.
- Analyzing Composition: Understanding the composition of the picture or paintings is important. This contains observing lighting, colour palettes, and character poses. Cosplayers ought to analyze the weather that make the visible illustration compelling.
- Adapting and Modifying: Moderately than instantly replicating, cosplayers ought to adapt the chosen references to create a novel interpretation. Modifying current designs permits for a private contact and a particular look.
- Making a Temper Board: Making a temper board with numerous photos and components that encourage the cosplay will help visualize the specified consequence. A temper board acts as a central hub for the artistic course of.
Copyright and Attribution
Correct attribution is important when utilizing references. Respecting the mental property rights of artists is essential. Cosplays ought to at all times acknowledge the sources of inspiration.
Raven Cosplay typically includes intricate particulars and a deep understanding of character design. This meticulous consideration to visible accuracy incessantly interprets right into a want for particular bodily attributes, like these seen in light-skinned canines, as showcased in Light Skin Dog examples. Finally, these components contribute to the general immersive expertise of the Raven Cosplay aesthetic.
- Respecting Copyright: All the time search permission from the copyright holder if the chosen reference requires it. That is vital for authorized and moral causes.
- Giving Credit score: Explicitly crediting the artists and sources of inspiration is essential. This demonstrates respect and promotes the work of different creators.
Inspirational Artists and Sources
Varied artists and sources have formed the visible illustration of Raven. Recognizing these influences is important for understanding the character’s evolution.
- Particular Artists (Instance): Acknowledging particular artists, akin to comedian ebook artists and illustrators, who’ve created pivotal interpretations of Raven’s look is vital. This demonstrates the deep-seated affect of particular person creative contributions on the general design.
- Particular Media (Instance): Figuring out particular comedian books, animated sequence, or video video games which have profoundly impacted Raven’s visible design is vital. Highlighting these influential sources permits for a deeper understanding of how numerous media have contributed to Raven’s evolving picture.
Final Phrase
In conclusion, Raven Cosplay is extra than simply dressing up; it is a testomony to creativity, dedication, and a deep connection to the character. This complete information has explored the historic context, sensible points, neighborhood spirit, and media influences that form the artwork of Raven Cosplay. From the meticulous number of supplies to the resonant interpretation of her complicated persona, we have navigated the nuances of this fascinating cosplay kind.
Whether or not you are a seasoned cosplayer or simply beginning your journey, this exploration gives invaluable insights and inspiration.
Question Decision
What are the commonest supplies used for creating Raven cosplay?
Frequent supplies for Raven cosplay embrace materials like velvet, leather-based, and fake leather-based for the costume’s core components. Particular supplies like resin or clay is perhaps used for intricate equipment like horns or detailed jewellery, relying on the precise cosplay fashion and complexity.
How can I successfully analysis and discover inspiration for a novel Raven cosplay?
Discover numerous sources, from comedian ebook artwork to fan-created paintings and online game depictions of Raven. Analyze the character’s visible illustration throughout completely different media and pay shut consideration to particular design components, equipment, and colour palettes that resonate along with your desired aesthetic.
What are some in style platforms the place Raven cosplayers join and share their work?
Cosplayers typically make the most of social media platforms like Instagram, Pinterest, and TikTok to showcase their creations and interact with the broader neighborhood. Devoted cosplay boards and web sites additionally present areas for artists to share and talk about their work. Moreover, conference participation typically serves as a useful platform for connection and trade.
How can I keep away from copyright infringement when utilizing visible references for my Raven cosplay?
All the time credit score the unique artists and sources for any photos, paintings, or design components used as inspiration. Guarantee your cosplay is a artistic interpretation, relatively than a direct copy, of current materials to keep away from copyright points.